Uzbekistan, situated in Central Asia, is undergoing a remarkable transformation in its approach to environmental protection. As part of its broader sustainable development strategy, the country has implemented numerous measures aimed at preserving natural resources and ensuring the health of its citizens. This comprehensive strategy includes a robust legal framework, innovative projects, and international cooperation to address environmental challenges and contribute to global sustainability.
Legal Framework and National Policies
Environmental protection is a cornerstone of Uzbekistan’s national policy, with the right to a favorable environment enshrined in the country’s new Constitution. The republic’s “Concept of Environmental Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030” outlines a strategic vision for the future, supported by over 30 legislative acts and approximately 200 by-laws. Key laws include those on nature protection, air quality, water use, flora and fauna, forests, protected natural territories, subsoil, waste management, environmental expertise, and renewable energy sources.
The Yashil Makon Initiative
In 2021, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev launched the “Yashil Makon” (Green Space) initiative, a large-scale program aimed at increasing green spaces and forest cover. The initiative plans to plant 200 million trees and shrubs annually until 2030, aiming to raise urban green space coverage from 8% to 30% and double the forest area of the state forest fund from 7.5% to 15%. This ambitious project has already seen the creation of extensive parks, green zones, and green belts around major cities, contributing significantly to urban ecological health.
Uzbekistan has introduced several innovative measures to address environmental challenges. One notable project involves creating “green covers” on the dried-up bottom of the Aral Sea, one of the world’s most significant environmental disasters. Forest reclamation activities over more than 1.7 million hectares have been carried out using advanced techniques, including the use of small aircraft and tractors to plant saxaul seeds and other suitable vegetation. This effort aims to stabilize the area, reduce dust storms, and restore some ecological balance.
Effective waste management is another priority for Uzbekistan. The government has outlined plans to attract investments for waste recycling, alternative energy production, and organic fertilizer projects between 2024 and 2028. These projects are expected to produce 2,000 MW of alternative energy from 2.8 million tons of waste annually and generate 1.1 million tons of organic fertilizers. Additionally, the country is focusing on improving waste collection and management services, with the construction of 14 waste recycling plants and the establishment of “green belts” around industrial enterprises.
International Cooperation and Regional Efforts
Uzbekistan’s environmental strategy is bolstered by strong international cooperation. The country collaborates with the United Nations and its specialized agencies, as well as international platforms such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Fauna & Flora (FnF), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ), and the European Union (EU). These partnerships support various initiatives to preserve biodiversity, restore ecosystems, protect the ozone layer, mitigate climate change, and manage waste.
Uzbekistan is a party to 12 major international environmental conventions and relevant protocols, fulfilling its obligations through national and international projects aimed at improving and stabilizing the natural environment. The country regularly participates in global environmental events, such as the 21st session of the Committee for the Review of the Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (CRIC 21) and the 14th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS COP14).
To further enhance its environmental capabilities, Uzbekistan has established the Central Asian University of Environmental and Climate Change Studies (Green University). This institution focuses on addressing local, regional, and global environmental challenges, promoting regional cooperation, and fostering innovative ideas, practices, and technologies. It aims to harness Uzbekistan’s scientific and intellectual potential for sustainable development.
Raising public awareness about environmental issues is crucial for sustainable development. Uzbekistan implements environmental education programs in schools and organizes mass actions and events to draw attention to ecological challenges. The involvement of young people in environmental initiatives and projects is particularly emphasized, ensuring that future generations are informed and proactive in protecting the environment.
Uzbekistan is also committed to adopting innovative technologies to improve its ecological conditions. Automated air and water quality monitoring systems are being implemented, and energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technologies are being introduced in industry and construction. These measures aim to reduce the negative impact on the environment and create comfortable living conditions for citizens.
Uzbekistan’s comprehensive approach to environmental protection, encapsulated in initiatives like “Yashil Makon” and its robust legal framework, demonstrates the country’s commitment to sustainable development. By integrating innovative measures, fostering international cooperation, and raising public awareness, Uzbekistan is making significant strides towards a healthier and more sustainable future. The country’s efforts not only address current environmental challenges but also lay the foundation for long-term ecological stability and prosperity. As Uzbekistan continues on this path, it serves as a model for other nations striving to balance economic development with environmental preservation.
